提高石油化工企业原料利用率的技术研究

坚持眼睛向内,挖潜增效,这是当前原油变重、供应量不足,生产资料涨价的客观形势下走出困境、提高企业效益的主要途径之一,本文从拓宽催化回炼油的利用途径,催化和加氢裂化互换循环油加工,优化重油原料的安排,提高轻油头的化肥效益,挤出烷基化原料,开发异丁烷的化工用途及油化结合等方面,分析通过厂际装置间的原料互供、生产优化来挖掘企业内涵,提高经济效益.     

Distributed and Parallel Component Library

Software component library is the essential part of reuse-based software development. It is shown that making use of a single component library to store all kinds of components and from which components are searched is very inefficient. We construct multi-libraries to support software reuse and use PVM as development environments to imitate Iargescale computer, which is expected to fulfill distributed storage and parallel search of components efficiently and improve software reuse.     

Evolutionary and ecological implications of cardenolide sequestration in the monarch butterfly

Summary Monarch butterflies sequester cardenolides from their larval host plants in the milkweed genusAsclepias for use in defense against predation. Of 108Asclepias species in North America, monarchs are known to feed as larvae on 27. Research on 11 of these has shown that monarchs sequester cardenolides most effectively, to an asymptote of approximately 350 g/0.1 g dry butterfly, from plants with intermediate cardenolide contents rather than from those with very high or very low cardenolide contents. SinceAsclepias host plant species are distributed widely in space and time across the continent, monarchs exploit them by migration between breeding and overwintering areas. After overwintering in central Mexico, spring migrants east of the Rocky Mountains exploit three predominantAsclepias species in the southern USA that have moderately high cardenolide contents. Monarchs sequester cardenolides very effectively from these species. First generation butterflies are thus well protected against predators and continue the migration north. Across the northern USA and southern Canada most summer breeding occurs on a fourthAsclepias species and in autumn most of these monarchs migrate back to Mexican overwintering sites. The ecological implications of this cycle of cardenolide sequestration for the evolution of monarch migration are discussed.     

Storage of irradiated human blood; a source of error in quantitative chromosome analysis

Summary Human whole blood was irradiated with 2.5 Gy of 220 kVp X-rays and stored before culture with 9.7 M BrdU and 19.4 or 38.7 M BrdU for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h. The frequency of dicentrics and ring chromosomes was determined in cells staining as first division (M1) metaphases with the fluorescence plus Giemsa technique. Storage had no influence on the observed aberration yields in 44 h cultures containing 9.7 M BrdU. In 66 h cultures at 19.4 M BrdU the observed yields after 2 and 3 days' storage were significantly lower as compared to cultures from fresh blood. No storage effect was revealed in 66 h cultures containing 38.7 M BrdU. In cases where cytogenetic radiation dosimetry has to be carried out using blood samples which have been in transit for 2–3 days, the findings are of relevance for a correct determination of the chromosome damage in M1 cells.     

油松容器苗和裸根苗生长与造林效果对秋季施肥的响应

【目的】探究不同秋季施肥处理条件下油松容器苗和裸根苗苗期生长、养分积累和造林效果的差异,为生产上培育油松良种壮苗提供理论基础和技术支持。【方法】以大田培育的当年生油松播种容器苗和裸根苗为研究对象,设置0(对照)、12、24、36 mg/株4种秋季施肥水平,于90%以上苗木形成顶芽后进行施肥处理,并于翌年进行雨季造林试验。测定造林前的苗高、地径、生物量、根冠比、养分含量及造林后苗木成活率和苗高、地径相对生长量等指标,分析出圃苗木性状与造林效果之间的相关性。【结果】秋季施肥24 mg/株处理下的油松容器苗苗高、地径、生物量、氮、磷、钾含量均表现最佳,该处理下容器苗整株生物量、氮、磷、钾含量较对照分别增加了41.8%、31.4%、65.6%和48.8%;油松裸根苗受秋季施肥影响较小。容器苗氮含量在各器官中的分布从大到小表现为根>叶>茎,裸根苗氮含量在各器官中的分布从大到小表现为叶>根>茎;磷、钾含量在容器苗和裸根苗各器官中的分布从大到小均表现为叶>根>茎。雨季造林试验结果显示,油松造林效果受苗木类型影响显著,容器苗造林当年和第2年春季的苗高、地径相对生长量...     

Improvement in hydrogen storage performance of Mg by mechanical grinding with molten salt etching Ti3C2Clx

Mg-based materials are currently a hot research topic as hydrogen storage materials due to their considerable theoretical hydrogen storage capacity. However, the kinetic performance of hydrogen absorption and desorption of Mg is too slow and requires high temperature, which seriously hinders the application of this material. MXene is a new type of two-dimensional material with significant role in improving thermodynamics and kinetics. In this experiment, a two-dimensional layered MXene containing Cl functional group was prepared by molten salt etching using the Ti-containing MAX phase as the raw material. Then different ratios of Ti₃C₂Cl_x were uniformly dispersed onto the surface of Mg by high energy ball milling. The samples were characterized by hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics, SEM, XRD, XPS, and DSC to investigate the effect of Ti₃C₂Cl_x on the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of Mg. The onset hydrogen absorption temperature can be reduced to room temperature and the hydrogen release temperature is reduced by 200 ​°C by doping Ti₃C₂Cl_x. And there is also 5.4 ​wt% hydrogen storage in the isothermal hydrogen absorption test at 400 ​°C. The results of DSC demonstrate that the E_a of Mg+15 ​wt% Ti₃C₂Cl_x was reduced by 12.6% compared to pristine Mg. The ΔH is almost invariable. The results of XPS show that the presence of multivalent Ti promotes electron transfer and thus improves the conversion between Mg²⁺/Mg and H⁻/H. This study provides a guideline for further improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.     

海洋条件下印刷电路板式换热器多通道内超临界液化天然气瞬态分配特性分析

印刷电路板式换热器（PCHE）是海上LNG浮式储存和再气化装置的核心部件。在海洋条件下,其内部微细多通道间的流量分配特性复杂多变,易急剧恶化,严重影响气化效率和运行安全。本文通过UDF分别引入晃荡导致的周期性变化的附加惯性力及LNG物性计算关联式,构建适用于PCHE内超临界LNG流动与传热的三维非稳态模型,并开展了数值研究。结果表明,相比于初始稳态条件,晃荡过程中PCHE各通道内超临界LNG的流量及温度等参数随之发生周期性的震荡,而且工质分配的均匀性明显恶化,各通道间流量、温度分布的相对标准偏差均显著高于初始稳态值,本文算例中最高甚至达到初始稳态值的3倍以上;晃荡振幅及晃荡频率越大,PCHE各通道间工质的流量分配及温度分布越不均匀;相比于在垂直于通道内工质流动方向上施加晃荡作用力,当在工质流动方向上施加晃荡作用力时,晃荡作用引发的工质分配恶化现象明显较为微弱,通道内参数的震荡幅度明显降低。     

基于光伏发电量预测的含氢储能微网分段优化调度

针对多储能微网如何高效、经济运行,搭建了基于光伏发电的含氢储能、蓄电池储能的微网系统,采用一种日前预测调度与日内实时调度相结合的分段调度策略。在日前预测调度阶段,采用基于麻雀搜索算法优化支持向量机模型提高对日前的光伏发电量和负荷预测的精度,以微网最小使用成本为目标,考虑系统运行的可靠性,采用改进粒子群算法制定微网的日前最优调度策略。在日内调度阶段,考虑氢储能系统的响应延迟特性,以蓄电池为灵活补充元件,制定实时调整微网运行策略,消除预测误差带来的影响。最后,结合实际算例分析,验证了分段优化调度的可行性。结果表明,提出的方法能够有效预测数据,减少微网调度的响应时间,提高系统运行的经济性和稳定性。     

蓄电池容量自动测试仪

本文根据国标《CB5008.1～3—85》的规定,设计了一种蓄电池容量自动测试仪.该仪器利用8位单片计算机进行控制,完成测试过程中的自动恒流、自动测量时间和温度、自动进行数据处理、自动停机等功能.它的优点是操作简单,测量精度高,成本低.本文介绍了蓄电池容量的测量原理和计算方法,对单片机的硬件和软件系统都做了全面的叙述.     

贵州省粮食储藏地理区划初步研究

通过对贵州省气象特征的分析,尤其是对影响粮食安全储藏的主要环境因素温度和相对湿度的分析,得出贵州省粮食储藏可划分为四个地理区域。依据各区域的储藏气候条件和主要粮食的储藏特点,提出相应的储藏技术措施。